Parkinson

Understanding Parkinson’s Disease (PD)

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic condition that affects how your body moves. It causes uncontrolled or involuntary movements, like shaking, stiffness, or slowed motion. Each year, nearly 90,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with PD—making it the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease.

What Is Parkinson’s Disease?

PD is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects movement. It occurs when the brain gradually loses dopamine-producing nerve cells in a region called the substantia nigra. Dopamine plays a key role in sending smooth, coordinated movement signals from the brain to the body.

As dopamine levels drop, movement becomes more difficult, unsteady, or rigid. The disease typically begins after age 65, but up to 20% of people experience symptoms before age 50. Men are statistically more likely than women to develop PD.

Recognizing Symptoms of Parkinson’s

PD symptoms start gradually and can vary widely between individuals. As the condition progresses, motor and non-motor symptoms may appear.

Motor symptoms:

  • Tremors (especially in the hands, arms, or legs)

  • Muscle stiffness or rigidity

  • Slowed movements (bradykinesia)

  • Balance and coordination problems

  • Difficulty walking or writing

Non-motor symptoms:

  • Constipation

  • Fatigue

  • Depression or anxiety

  • Trouble sleeping

  • Hallucinations or delusions

  • Loss of smell or taste

  • Memory or concentration problems

  • Urinary issues

  • Vision changes

  • Unexplained weight loss

Treatment Options

While there is no cure yet, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Options may include:

  • Medications that replace or mimic dopamine in the brain

  • Physical, occupational, and speech therapy to support function and mobility

  • Surgical procedures, such as deep brain stimulation, for certain cases

  • Lifestyle changes—including regular exercise, healthy eating, and rest

With the right support team and personalized care plan, many people with Parkinson’s disease lead active and fulfilling lives.

✅ Parkinson’s Disease Treatment Checklist

Initial Steps:

  • [ ] Confirm diagnosis and discuss type/stage of PD with your neurologist

  • [ ] Review treatment goals (e.g., improve mobility, reduce tremors, maintain independence)

  • [ ] Go over test results such as imaging or motor assessments

  • [ ] Learn about your prescribed medications and how they work

  • [ ] Understand the potential benefits and side effects

During Treatment:

  • [ ] Take medications exactly as prescribed (right time and dosage)

  • [ ] Keep track of side effects and symptom changes

  • [ ] Attend scheduled follow-up visits to adjust treatment as needed

  • [ ] Engage in physical, occupational, or speech therapy sessions

  • [ ] Incorporate daily movement (walking, stretching, or balance exercises)

Lifestyle Support:

  • [ ] Follow a brain-healthy diet (rich in fiber, low in sodium and saturated fats)

  • [ ] Prioritize quality sleep and rest periods

  • [ ] Track any mood changes, anxiety, or depression—bring these up at checkups

  • [ ] Use assistive devices if needed for safety and mobility

  • [ ] Seek support from caregivers, counseling, or PD support groups

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